Making rolled forcings non-circular in cross-section



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

G. F.-SIMONDS. MAKING ROLLED FORGINGS NON-CIRCULAR IN (moss SECTION. No. 446,934.

Patented Feb. 24,1891.

(NoModeL) G. P. SIMONDS.

MAKINGfBOLLED FORGINGS NON-CIRCULAR IN GROSS SECTION.

NQ. 446,934. Patented Feb. 24, 1891.

Ewan??? witty 5 Sheets-Sheet 2v (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.-

G. F. SIMONDS. MAKING ROLLED FORGINGS NON-CIRCULAR IN GROSS SECTION. No. 446,934. I Patented Feb. 24, 1891,

(No Model.) 7 I 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

G. F. SIMONDS. MAKING ROLLED FORGINGS NON-CIRCULAR IN CROSS' SECTION. 310,446,934.

Patented Feb. 24, 1891.

Zwenzw", Gemyaj'rwndsf 5 Sheets'-Sheet 5.

(Nb Model.)

G. P. SIMONDS. MAKING ROLLED FORGI-NGS NON-CIRCULAR IN GROSSSEGTION. No. 446,934,

Patented Feb. 24, 1891.

Gearye *SIZWIMS. I

1 U ITE. STATE-s PATENT QFFI E.

enoncs usnionns, or rrrounune, MASSACHUSETTS.

j MAKING ROLLED FORGINGS'NON-CIRCU'LAR iN CROSS-SECTION- I sp mcnmniasn part of Letters Patent No. 446,934, dated February 24, 1891 I l -A ncnlnfiaa.iu unzs,1890. stanza.sezeve' uomoaeti To all who), it may concern.- Beit known that I, GEORGE F. SIMoNDs, of Fitchburg, county of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, havesinvented an Improvement in Methods of'and Apparatus for Making Rolled-Forgings Non-Circular in Cross-Section, .of which the following description, in connection with the 'accompanyin g drawings, is a specificatiomlike lettersand'figu'res on the drawings representing like'parts.

- l /Iyinvention relates to amethod of andhave shown and described v metal articles circular lfi cross-section, said apparatus for forging articles that are polygbar to be forged between dies which move in opposite directions. v

In Patent No. 319,754., dated June'Q, 1885, I

dies ,for forging dies being moved in opposite directions over theimetal to be'shaped, whichrolls or rotates on an axis between them. 'The said'dies' have reducing and spreading surfaces by which the metalis spread or crowded axiallv ing gears or fluted surfaces or polygonal sur-.

along the blankthat is being rolled;thu s bringing the said blank to the desired shape in longitudinal section.

The object of the present 'inventiou'is to forge, by rolling, an object that-is not circularin cross-section. This method and appa-f ratus may be used, for example, for producfaces; or, in fact, various shapes maybe'sug.

gest-ed in which the surface, although noncircular, is usually substantially 'sy In metrical tothe axis of rotation (if the object in the process of forging. The dies for producing such objects in accordance with this invention have raised forming-surfaces and reducing and spreading surfaces running diagonally to the lineof movementof the die, and standing obliquely to the plane of the die and above or between the said spreading and reducing surfaces the forming-surface of the die is made with raised portions and'depressions, which correspond to or, as it may be called, mesh with the elevations and depressions of the surface of the object being I rolled. If, for example, the object to be forged one point onits lengthandis rolled to the desired cross-sectional shape for a short portion of its length,-and-then as it, continues to -.ro-' tate between thedies the surplus metal is crowded axially. along the blank, lengthening the portion that is brought to the proper shape until ffinally th'edesired shape is imparted to the'entire length that is tobeshaped.

forging polygonal objects inaccordancewith thisinve'nt-ion; Fig. 2, a perspective view of a portion of a bar shaped by a pair. of dies,

such as represented in Fig. 1;- l igs. 3, 4, and 5, diagrams representing the shape of the pair of diesin longitudinal section and different positions of the blank or object being rolled with relation to the surface of the said dies; Fig. 6, a perspective view showing a Figure 1 rise perspective View of a die for die of propershape to forge a gear from a round bar in accordance with this invention; Figs. 7,8, and 9, diagram views representing the shapes of the blank incross-section at difierent periods in the process .of rolling and the inanner'in'which the shape is imparted to the forging at one point on its length after another. Fig. 10 is'a perspective View of a die for forging fluted articles; and Figst' ll and 12, perspective views of dies for forging articles toothed'in cross-section and of differ- .ent cross-sectional 'area at 'difierent portions of the length thereof, dies suchas'shown in v Fig. 11 making a pair of bevel-pinions, apex to apex, Fig. llgand dies such as shown in Fig. 12 makingawor'm-gear, Fig. 12.

The base orj-body a of the die may have a plane surface, and the co-operating pair of.

dies are arranged one over the other,"as indicated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, with the bed portions aseparat'ed from one another by a distance about equal to the diameter of the bar r or blank to be rolled. From'the surface of the bed a. are raised the spreading and reduc ing surfaces h, which incline upward from the surface a, and con-verge toward one another in the direction in which the dies move, so that they meet at the point 2, wherethe dies bcgin to a t on the cylindrical bar or blank ll in the space between them,substantially in the manner described in my patent hereinbefore referred to. The said reducing and spreading surfaces 1) are provided with teeth or corrugations to engage with the bar and insure its rotation. .The said surfaces 1) when they begin to act on the bar reduce .its diameter and at. the same time spread the metal, moving it away from the point where the dies begin to act toward the ends of the'bar.

The upper or forming surface (I of the die between the spreading and reducing surfaces b is, in accordance with the present invention, shaped in longitudinal section throughout the entire length of the working part of. the die in accordance with the cross-sectional shape desired to be imparted to the forging. By this construction whenthe blank or billet being rolled is about oppositethe point 3 on the die it will. have a short portion of its length brought to the desired shape in crosssection, and then as the die progresses until the parts opposite the points 4. and 5 arrive at and operate upon the blank the said portion that-is of the proper shape is gradually lengthened, as shown in Figs. 7, S, and 0, the surplus metal. that has to be displaced to bring the cylindrical blank to the desired shape having been crowded axially along the bar, so that in the operation. of the dies. the shape is graduallyimparted tothe bar lengthwise thereof. By properly shaping the upper or forming surface (I of the dies various crosssectional shapes may be imparted to the bar' by this method of first redncinga shortlength of the bar to the desired shape by indenting it or forming depressions around it, and then -gradually extend ng the said depressions lengthwise ofthe bar by crowding the surplus inetal along in the direction of the axis of rotation of the bar." By properly proportioning the length and curvature of the waves of the surface (I to the distance between the for example, square or hexagonal, the forms that are most generally used for bolt-heads and similar purposes, and by the shape shown in Fig. 6 a toothed wheel or pinion may be forged from a cylindrical piece, and by the shape shown in Fig. 10 a bat with a fluted surface may be forged. These several shapes show that the method and apparatus are not limited to the-production of any specific cross sectional shape of the forging.

The shapes produced by the dies shown in Figs. 1, 6, and 10 are uniform in cross section throughouttheir length; butother shapes can be produced.- *For example, the dies shown in Figs. 11 and 1E? produce toothed forgings of rolled forgin gs.

varying in cross-section in ditferent parts of 7 .before referred to, and embodying others of my inventions relating to the manufacture Such composite dies may be made in part to roll an article having portions that are circular in cross-section, and of any desired shape in longitudinal section in connection with fluted, toothed, or polygonal portions-as, for example, a bolt-blank hav-H,

ing a polygonal portion or head produced by dies having a portion like that represented in Fig. 1 and a cylindrical shank of smaller diameter produced by rolling down the adjacent portion of the metal by dies such as shown in Pat-ent'No. 319,754; or a gear or pinion may be rolled in one piece with a reducedportion that may serve as an arbor, by the use of composite dies, one portion of which is like the'die represented in Fig. 6.

I claitn- '1. Dies for forming forgings non-circular in cross-section, the said dies having raised working portions that have inclined spreading and reducing surfaces and a forming-surface between them having elevations and depressions, substantially as described.

2. That improvement in the 'art of making non cylindrical forgings from cylindrical blankswhichconsists in indenting or depressing portions of the blank about its periphery and gradually crowding or spreading the metal thus displaced lengthwise-of the blank until the desired cross scctional shape is imparted to any desired length of the blank,

substantially as described.

, 3. The method herein described of making rolled metal forgings non-circular in crosssection by acting upon a bar so as to cause itto rotate and at each rotation to indent portions of the bar around itsperiphery, crowding and spreading the metal axially, and compressing it to the desired shape, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed myv name to this specification in the presence of 

